Api and Hthp Fluid Loss Test

Api Fluid Loss Test (low-pressure, low-temperature filtration test) is a test to portion a filtration of mud with ambient temperature and 100 psi differential pressure. The Api testing tool is shown below.

How will you test the drilling mud?

"Differential Pressure"

• Place a filter
• Add the sample in the testing chamber
• Place the accommodation in the testing kit
• Apply 100 psi pressure
• report volume for 30 minutes at the end of the test the volume of filtrate will be recorded.
• report thickness of filter cake

If the drilling mud has good fluid loss property, you will get a thin and an impermeable mud cake. Please keep in mind that this test is based on the outside condition, and it may be error because it does not simulate downhole conditions. The Api fluid loss test can lead you to the wrong conclusion because at the outside condition, the test demonstrates very good fluid loss and very thin filter cake. When the drilling mud is in downhole condition, wellbore temperature and pressure will change the fluid property dramatically. The best way to test the fluid loss is to simulate wellbore temperature and pressure, and it will be discussed in the Hpht fluid loss later.

Hthp Fluid Loss Test

First of all, I would like to tell you about what Hthp stands for. Hthp stands for High Pressure High Temperature. The Hthp test is similar to the Api test because it tells us about drilling mud filtration into the formation under a static condition over inescapable period of time. For the Hthp test, you can vary both temperature and pressure to describe your improbable downhole condition. The Hthp testing tool has a heating jacket so you can heat up the drilling fluid sample to the improbable wellbore temperature. Typically, the recommended temperature in the heating jacket should be above the estimated temperate about 25F to 50F. You don't want the testing temperature too high or low because it will not describe downhole condition very well. Therefore, with the recommended temperature, the drilling mud will not be over or under treated. Moreover, while performing the test, it must be under pressure and the test should be conducted at 500 psi differential pressure. The Hthp test is performed for 30 minutes, like the Api fluid lost test.

The impacts on drilling doing are listed below:

Formation damage - If the drilling mud does not have good fluid loss property, fluid with small particles in drilling mud can be invaded into formations causing the formation damage. If the well is severely damaged, it will not be able to furnish after perforation. This situation will heavily sway the profit of oil companies.

Differential sticking - The drilling fluid that has bad fluid loss will form a very soft and thick mud cake across the permeable formations. It can lead to differential sticking incident because the contact area between formation and drill string is increased.

Torque and drag - A thick mud cake across porous zones can be really formed because the drilling mud has high fluid loss values. The thicker of mud cake is, the more torque and drag are experienced while drilling and tripping operation.

Api and Hthp Fluid Loss Test

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comprehension Your Oil Pressure Sensor is a Vital Part of holding Your Car wholesome

Oil pressure levels must be constantly monitored to ensure that your auto's motor is properly lubricated. With the help of the oil pressure sensor attached to the gauge, you can beyond doubt monitor even the slightest changes to the pressure of your oil. Technically, these sensors function to send a signal to the gauge on the car's dashboard when the oil pressure drops to requisite levels. In simple terms, these sensors are basically tasked to warn you of any drastic changes to the pressure level that is above or beyond the general range.

Since oil is a very important motor component that acts as a lubricant to prevent disagreement buildup, it is requisite that you ensure that there is sufficient oil gift in the motor to ascertain that its enchanting parts will be consistently lubricated. This is very important so that your motor will be able to run smoothly and efficiently and to prevent damage. On that note, make sure that you immediately replenish your motor with new oil every time your pressure gauge prompts low oil level readings.

Differential Sensors

The truth is monitoring your oil's levels is fairly a straight forward task. All you have to do is ordinarily check your dashboard to monitor your current oil pressure reading. To do that, you must first set baseline values, which will serve as guides, to know if the oil pressure level is beyond or below the general reading. You should be able to find your ideal oil pressure range in your owner's hand-operated and you will get to know your vehicle's general level over time. Typically, it is recommended that oil pressure levels must be kept within 20 to 60. Try to make it a habit to espy on your dashboard every now and then to ascertain that your oil pressure levels stay within the general range and don't ignore any sudden fall in readings.

Anytime you observation that the pressure of your oil is low, the pressure warning light is flickering or has come on, or you see that your pressure gauge has dropped considerably - do not keep driving. Park your car and sit and wait for the motor to cool a bit.

Then check the oil level by using the dipstick, after first wiping it on a rag. If the level is at or below the low level mark indicated on the dipstick then probably all you need to do is gently add fresh oil to bring it up to the full mark. When you start the motor again the light should no longer be on or it will go off after a few seconds. Now your only worry is if you have caused any damage to the motor by letting run low on oil. If you hear any strange knocking noises from the motor then the damage has already been done and you need to get your car to a mechanic or heal shop as soon as possible.

To wrap things up, retention your oil's pressure within the suitable levels will ensure that your car's motor will work on its optimum efficiency. Therefore, premise of a trustworthy oil sensor and gauge is a must to ensure this!

comprehension Your Oil Pressure Sensor is a Vital Part of holding Your Car wholesome

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How to install an Oil Pressure Gauge

Basically, an oil gauge is used to indicate oil pressure levels. It is generally installed on the dashboard of a vehicle in order to help the driver to properly monitor the oil pressure levels. When the warning light on the gauge lights up, it is an indication that the oil pressure level in the engine is very low; hence it must be replenished immediately to avoid engine damage. That being said, the installation of an oil pressure gauge is very important.

In general conditions the needle on your oil pressure gauge will remain in the same position and you will become used to it being there. You need to be aware when the needle begins to move downwards as this will commonly happen long before the warning light comes on and gives you more time to prevent damage to your engine. If your car is more than a few years old, the gauge is indicating that your oil needs changing or that the usual wear and tear of age is beginning to happen. There may be a great deal of life left in your vehicle, but you will need to considered watch your oil level from today. If the needle dips wildly downwards and then back up to a general level, there may already be damage or a drastically low oil level. It can prove to be very high-priced to ignore the warning signs.

"Pressure Sensor"

Installing an oil gauge so that you can keep an eye on your oil pressure is not the simplest task and is probably best carried out by a professional, but if you want to do it yourself here is some data that may help.

Whether you will be installing an electric or mechanical oil pressure gauge, it would be ideal that you know how to properly concentrate it into your vehicle system. To help you accomplish that, here is a detailed installation guide that you can follow:

Step one: It is significant that you know where to properly place the gauge. You should know that the port where the gauge must be located is commonly situated six inches behind the vehicle's oil filter. In order to in fact find the port, you may have to remove the side front wheel on the passenger's side. Once it has been removed, you will see a silver-colored filter (located behind the installation oil pressure switch) that has two wires attached to the electrical connector.

Step two: After locating the port, you have to first drain the oil before removing the electric connector present on the pressure switch.

Step three: Once done, you may now disconnect the switch. The rest of the course will depend on the type of gauge that you need to install. Normally, pressure gauges include an installation manual, which you have to considered read and understand, in order to ensure allowable installation.

Step four: When the oil gauge has already been installed, make a test run to know if it is already functional. If you are unsure that you did the right thing, it is best that you find a pro mechanic to do the installation for you.

How to install an Oil Pressure Gauge

pressure sensor mat

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Orifice Meter In Oil And Gas

Orifice Meters

Orifice meter tubes are differential pressure estimation devices and commonly used in gas and dry steam service. Orifice meter tubes shall not be used in liquid service, polisher gas service, or gas service with farranging surging in flow rates. Accuracy is +/-.25% of rate in a calibrated tube,and +/-0.60% of rate in not calibrate tube.

"Differential Pressure"

The minimum rating of orifice flanges shall be 300 Ansi. The minimum size of orifice plate flanges shall be 50mm nominal piping. Differential pressure taps shall be 1/2" Fnpt.

Orifice plates shall be square-edged concentric type (316 stainless steel). The beta ratio range shall be between 0.20 (minimum) and 0.67 (maximum). Weep and orifice vent holes shall not be utilized, unless specifically authorized otherwise.

All flow transmitters and pressure transmitters shall be direct related without impulse lines, and static pressure shall be taken downstream of the orifice plate. Differential pressure (Dp) shall be sized such that the general compose flow shall be 65% to 75% of the flow scale. The beloved flow scale is 0-25 kilo Pascal.

There will be cases where the beloved flow scale of 0-25 kilo Pascal cannot be achieved, then the following Dp ranges shall apply:

1. 0.344 barg =< operating pressure < 2.1 barg 0-5 kilo Pascal
2. 2.1 barg =< operating pressure < 4.8 barg 0-12 kilo Pascal
3. 4.8 barg =< operating pressure if not 0-25 kilo Pascal, then 0-50 kilo Pascal, or 0-100 kilo Pascal

Orifice fittings in applications where wide ranges of operating conditions are encountered, or frequent inspections of orifice plates are required shall have senior orifice fittings, to allow turn out of orifice plates under pressure. Junior fittings may be used where flow rate turn down conditions are not as demanding such as fuel gas to turbines, and or blanket gas systems.

Senior or junior orifice fittings shall be supplied with upstream and downstream tubes.

Custody change meter tubes shall meet the requirements. Meter tubes shall be provided with an upstream-approved flow conditioner, settled 7.5 nominal diameters upstream of the orifice plate. Any piping taps upstream of the flow conditioner shall not be closer than 900mm. The downstream pressure and climatic characteristic taps shall not be closer than five nominal pipe diameters from the orifice plate.

Custody change meter tubes shall come with upstream and downstream weld neck flanges to facilitate inspection of the internal diameter. The flow conditioner shall also be flanged. Meter tubes shall meet the piping requirements of the scheme piping specification, the painting requirements of Dep 30.48.00.31-Gen "Painting and Coating of New Equipment", and fabrication requirements of Dep 31.38.01.31-Gen "Shop and Field Fabrication of Steel Piping".

For non-custody change applications, the meter tube required nominal upstream length is 17.5 pipe diameters and 5 nominal pipe diameters downstream. The nominal turn down ratio of an orifice plate meter is 4.0 to 1.

Orifice Meter In Oil And Gas

differential pressure monitor

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